Food and Life Sciences Bulletin
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New York's Food and Life Sciences (FLS) Bulletin reports new developments in fruit and vegetable breeding, performance, diseases, and integrated pest management. It is of interest to researchers and the public.
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Item 'Abundance' GrapeReisch, B.I.; Luce, R.S.; Henick-Kling, T.; Pool, R.M. (2003)This version of New York's Food and Life Sciences Bulletin Number 157 was never published since the grape variety was renamed. This variety was also called GR7, Rubiana and Geneva Red. This unpublished version is posted here for historical interest only. Please see the Bulletin Number 157 "Geneva Red" for an official description.Item 'Geneva Red' GrapeReisch, B.I.; Luce, R.S.; Henick-Kling, T.; Pool, R.M. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2003)'Geneva Red' ripens usually between mid-Sept and early Oct at Geneva, NY. Depending upon maturity and cropping level it makes medium to dark red wines. In warm years wines may have cherry or red berry aromas with some labrusca notes. In cool years, wines tend to have some vegetative or herbaceous aromas. Color intensity is almost as good as for Baco noir and better than other hybrid grapes like De Chaunac, etc. The wines usually have better tannin structure than wines made from Baco noir or De Chaunac. The naming process for this grape variety was problematic. It was also called GR7, Rubiana and Abundance.Item New York Integrated Fruit Production Protocol for Apples. Appendix: NY-IFP Agrochemicals for 2006* Uses and Precautions(New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2006)Contains tables listing agrochemicals for use under the New York Integrated Fruit Production Protocol for Apples.Item 'Corot noir' GrapeReisch, B.I.; Luce, R.S.; Bordelon, Bruce; Henick-Kling, T. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2006)'Corot noir' is a mid to late season red wine grape suitable for either blending or the production of varietal wines. The wine has a deep red color and attractive cherry and berry fruit aromas. Its tannin structure is complete from the front of the mouth to the back, with big soft tannins. The vine is moderately winter hardy and moderately resistant to fungal diseases.Item 'Noiret' GrapeReisch, B.I.; Luce, R.S.; Bordelon, Bruce; Henick-Kling, T. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2006)'Noiret' is a mid-season red wine grape suitable for the production of varietal wines. The distinctive red wine is rickly colored and has notes of green and black pepper along with raspberry, blackberry, and some mint aromas. A major distinguishing characteristic of this selection is the fine tannin structure that is complete from the front of the mouth to the back. The tannin structure and the absence of any hybrid aromas strongly distinguish this selection from other red hybrid grapes. The vine is moderately winter hardy and moderately resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis bunch rot.Item 'Valvin Muscat' GrapeReisch, B.I.; Luce, R.S.; Bordelon, Bruce; Henick-Kling, T. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2006)'Valvin Muscat' is a mid-season white wine grape with a distinctive muscat flavor and no objectionable bitterness. It is suitable for the production of desirable highly aromatic varietal wines or for blending purposes. It is more winter hardy and disease resistant than muscat grapes that are pure V. vinifera.Item Canadice and Glenora Seedless Grapes NamedPool, R.; Watson, J.; Kimball, K.; Einset, J. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1977-09)A breeding program to produce seedless grapes was begun by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in 1919. A major goal of this program has been to combine the seedless character that is derived from winter cold tender, disease susceptible grapes of Mediterranean origin with our native grape varieties so as to produce seedless varieties which are adapted to New York growing conditions.Item New York Integrated Fruit Production Protocol for ApplesCornell University Tree Fruit Work Group; Carroll, J.; Robinson, T. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2006)Integrated Fruit Production (IFP) is defined as the economically successful production of high quality fruit with the best possible protection of the agroecosystem, human and domestic animal health, wildlife and the environment. Crop protection methods are preferred that keep the use of agrochemicals to a minimum.Item 'GR 7' GrapeReisch, B.; Luce, R.; Henick-Kling, T.; Pool, R. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 2003)'GR 7' is an early / mid-season red wine grape for use primarily in red wine blends. It is distinguished from other red wine grapes grown in cool climates by its high degree of winter hardiness, adaptation to mechanized production systems, and ability to survive in older plantings where other red wine grapes are lost due to tomato and tobacco ringspot virus infections. ?GR 7? is a highly productive, easy to manage cultivar, and is the sixth wine grape to be developed by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station of Cornell University.Item 'Prelude' Red RaspberryMaloney, Kevin; Reich, Jack; Sanford, John (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1998)'Prelude' is a new red raspberry developed by Cornell University at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York. 'Prelude' is noted for having a very early summer crop, peaking in production well before all other standard varieties. 'Prelude' matures a high percentage of its fruit in late June and very early July. 'Prelude' plants are hardy and vigorous. Average fruit size and yield are similar to other early varieties. 'Prelude' fruit are attractive and easy to harvest. Fruit are high quality and firm, making them suitable for shipping and retail marketing. Early fruiting gives growers the advantages of premium first fruit prices and having fruit for sale over a longer season. 'Prelude', along with the release of 'Encore' (which extends the growing season approximately one week later), will significantly increase the raspberry harvest season.Item 'Encore' Red RaspberryMaloney, Kevin; Reich, Jack; Sanford, John (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1998)'Encore' is a new red raspberry developed by Cornell University at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, New York. 'Encore' is outstanding for its consistent performance over many years of testing. 'Encore' is a late season red raspberry cultivar developed for growers interested in increasing their late season production. Specifically, it has excellent winter hardiness in zone 5, very good plant production and vigor, and commercial yields of large size fruit that peak in production late in the harvest season. 'Encore' is adapted to upick, retail, and wholesale markets. Its firm fruit withstand handling and packing to produce an attractive pack for resale. 'Encore' has potential to become a leading red raspberry cultivar in the East Coast and Great Lakes regions.Item List of Fruit VarietiesCornell University (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1997)Scientists at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in Geneva, NY, have introduced 241 new fruit varieties since the Station's founding in 1880. Many of these cultivars are grown commercially in New York State, but are also important in other regions of the United States and internationally.Item Varieties of Commercial Interest: JonagoldBrown, Susan (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1997)This is an excellent quality apple which has been widely planted throughout Europe and is increasing in importance in the US. 'Jonagold' is suitable for the fresh market and for processing. The best fruit color is obtained on dwarf and semi-dwarf rootstocks.Item 'Traminette' GrapeReisch, B.; Pool, R.; Robinson, W.; Henick-Kling, T.; Gavitt, B.; Watson, J.; Martens, M.; Luce, R.; Barrett, H. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1996)'Traminette' is distinguished by its superior wine quality combined with good productivity, partial resistance to several fungal diseases, and cold hardiness superior to its acclaimed parent, 'Gewurztraminer'. It is the fifth wine grape cultivar to be named by the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station and follows the release of 'Cayuga White' (Einset and Robinson, 1972), 'Horizon' (Reisch et al., 1983), 'Melody', (Reisch et al., 1986), and 'Chardonel' (Reisch et al., 1991).Item 'Marquis' GrapeReisch, B.; Pool, R.; Martens, M.; Luce, R.; Remaily, G.; Zabadal, T. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1996)'Marquis' is a mid-season, white seedless grape with large, spherical berries borne on large clusters. It has excellent flavor, good cold hardiness, and is best suited for home gardens and u-pick commercial operations.Item 'Fortune' AppleBrown, Susan; Way, Roger; Terry, David; Livermore, Kenneth (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1995)'Fortune' is an excellent dual use variety because it is suitable for fresh and processing markets. 'Fortune' is an apple that gained high praise from growers before being officially named and introduced. In fact, it was so successful in trials throughout the United States that growers strongly requested it be named. The highly colored 'Fortune' is a hybrid of 'Schoharie Spy' x 'Empire' and it combines the desirable attributes of both parents. Itprovides consumers with a large attractive fruit that has good flavor and texture and can be eaten fresh or used in baking or salads. For growers, it offers a mid-season variety that resembles 'Empire' but has the processing characteristics of 'Spy', with less of the production problems of 'Spy'. The slightly spicy flavor is a sprightly blend of sugar and acid. The apple has creamcolor flesh, crisp texture, and stores well.Item Small Scale, Sustainable, IPM and Production Systems for Apples in RomaniaUSDA/OICD, RSED; Cornell University; University of Massachusetts (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1995)Romania, a country in eastern Europe, which is about the size of the state of Wyoming, has a long history of apple production. Production figures during the last several years show that it may be the ninth or tenth largest apple producing country in the world, with about 100,000 hectares of apples. During the last 10 to 20 years, most of the apples from Romania that have been sold outside of local village markets have been produced on large plantings of apples on state-owned farms or cooperatives. Most of the apple planting systems, which were originally adopted from Italian pomologists, are remarkably similar in all of the older established apple orchards on the state farms throughout the country.Item Minimal Processing of New York ApplesLee, C.; Smith, N. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1995)Much research has been done to find the optimum conditions for whole fruits and vegetables, but only limited information is available on fresh cut and other minimally processed products. Minimal processing includes grading, washing, sorting, peeling, slicing, chopping, and then packaging. Packaged products have a shelf life of 7 to 10 days when stored under conditions that retard respiration.Item Onion Maggot Management in New York, Michigan, and WisconsinEckenrode, C.; Nyrop, J. (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1995)The onion maggot (OM) continues to threaten commercial onion production in New York (ca. 12,000 acres), Michigan (ca. 8,000 acres), and Wisconsin (ca. 2,000 acres). In these states, onions are intensively grown on high organic (muck) soils. Because onion production is specialized and costly, many growers concentrate primarily on the one crop, resulting in minimal rotations to other plant species. This practice invariably increases onion maggot pressure, since this insect usually completes three generations per growing season; and has only one major commercial host in the U.S. Immature stages of the OM dwell within or just outside of underground portions of the onion plant. A system where onions are grown either continuously or in close proximity to last year's plantings must rely heavily upon effective soil chemicals applied at seeding to control the larval stages. In addition, sprays are often applied in an attempt to control the adult fly stage. However, sprays directed at flies cannot be relied upon. This is because flies move in and out of onion fields almost continuously. It has been estimated that a single application of short-lived insecticide will contact only a small percentage of the total onion fly population.Item Sampling Second Generation Spotted Tentiform Leafminer: a Means to Reduce Overall Control Costs and Facilitate Biological Control of Mites in Apple OrchardsSchmaedick, Mark; Nyrop, Jan (New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, 1993)Insecticides commonly used for STLM control (methomyl, oxamyl, and pyrethroids such as esfenvalerate) are highly toxic to predatory mites. Because they greatly reduce mite predator numbers, applications of these insecticides to control STLM often lead to outbreaks of European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) (4,7). In a typical year, however, leafminer populations in most New York orchards do not reach densities high enough to justify insecticidal control. A sampling program that would enable growers to determine the need for controlling STLM would reduce pest control costs by eliminating the need for preventive treatments, and minimizing disruption of naturally occurring biological control of European red mite. This report describes such a sampling program for second generation STLM.