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VOLUME 2 of Intellectual Property Management in Health and Agricultural Innovation
Krattiger, Anatole; Maloney, Richard T.; Nelsen, Lita; Thomson, Jennifer A.; Bennett, Alan B.; Satyanarayana, Kanikaram; Graff, Gregory D.; Fernandez, Carlos; Kowalski, Stanley P. (MIHR, PIPRA, FIOCRUZ and bioDevelopments-International Institute, 2007-08-08)
Prepared by and for policy-makers, leaders of public sector research establishments, technology transfer professionals, licensing executives, and scientists, this Handbook offers up-to-date information and strategies for utilizing the power of both intellectual property and the public domain.
Eschewing ideological debates and general proclamations, the authors always keep heir eye on the practical side of IP management. The Handbook provides substantive discussions and analyses of the opportunities awaiting anyone in the field who wants to put intellectual property to work.
Ezra's Archives Volume 15, Number 1, Spring 2025
Neale, Cameron; Strauss, Arhon; Mallindine, Madeline; Bunker, Trent (2025-04-10)
Heart Rate Variability over the Lifespan and its Potential as a Peripheral Biomarker for Cognitive Decline in Long-Evans Rats
Sutter, Olivia (2025-04-10)
This study investigates the effects of pharmacological cholinergic manipulation and aging on heart rate variability (HRV) and performance during an odor discrimination task in Long-Evans rats. Rats from distinct age cohorts (“Adult,” “Older Adult,” and “Elderly”) completed proactive interference (PI) odor-detection tasks using an olfactometer. Proactive interference refers to the phenomenon where previously learned information impedes the acquisition of new, related material. Pharmacological interventions involved systemic intraperitoneal (IP) injections of normal saline (0.9% sterile medical grade), methylscopolamine (0.25 mg/kg), or scopolamine (0.25 mg/kg). The ability to overcome PI was evaluated for each injection type. HRV data were collected via surgically implanted telemeters recording electrocardiogram (ECG) data. Results revealed no significant age-related differences in HRV between the “Elderly” and “Adult” cohorts. Pharmacological manipulation affected PI resolution differently between age cohorts, with adult rats showing impaired PI resolution under scopolamine and methylscopolamine compared to saline controls, while older adult rats behaved comparably across each injection type. These data suggest that cholinergic drugs may affect the body differently in naturally aged subjects. Unexpectedly, rats also experienced declines in baseline and new learning accuracy from cholinergic manipulation, which may be due to learning odor discriminations at an older age compared to previous studies that used younger animals. Rats experienced a drop in HRV after injection, suggesting a reduction in vagal tone due to reduced cardiac parasympathetic regulation.
Genomic Signatures of Recurrence After Resection of Early-Stage Node-Negative Colon Cancer.
Metzger, D.A.; Greenspun, B.C.; Brouwer, J.; Li, Y.; Pigazzi, A.; Siolas, D.; Jafari, M.D. (Springer, 2025-02-13)
BACKGROUND: Whereas clinicopathologic risk factors for colon cancer (CC) recurrence are well-established, the role of genomic predictors remains understudied. This study aimed to identify genomic factors associated with recurrence after resection of early-stage, node-negative CC. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed using clinicopathologic data, somatic mutations, and mRNA expression profiles from the cBioPortal database. The study enrolled patients with T1-3, N0, or M0 CC who underwent surgical resection and primary tumor sequencing. Those with fewer than 6 months of follow-up evaluation were excluded. Gene expression profiles were classified into consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs). Somatic mutations and CMS groups were analyzed for associations with recurrence. RESULTS: Of the 305 patients analyzed, 46 (15%) experienced recurrence. The median age at diagnosis was 70 years (interquartile range [IQR], 62-76 years), the gender distribution was balanced. The median follow-up period was 38 months, and the median time to recurrence was 13 months. The following 12 mutated genes were significantly associated with recurrence: KRAS (odds ratio [OR], 2.19), PIK3CA (OR, 2.13), DNAH11 (OR, 3.28), NALCN (OR, 4.69), COL6A3 (OR, 3.12), GRIN2A (OR, 4.92), COL6A1 (OR, 4.25), TNN (OR, 3.25), NEXMIF (OR, 6.97), PKHD1L1 (OR, 3.24), CDH4 (OR, 3.29), and BCL9 (OR, 4.03). Additionally, tumors classified as CMS4/mesenchymal subtype had a greater risk of recurrence (OR, 4.67) than the CMS2/canonical subtype. Patients with CMS4 or at least four mutations associated with recurrence (n = 77) had a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 57.7%. CONCLUSION: This study identified novel genomic signatures that may improve risk stratification in early-stage node-negative CC, potentially guiding the selection of high-risk patients for adjuvant therapy.
IgG-seq identifies immune-reactive enteric bacteria in Crohn's disease with spondyloarthritis.
Maldarelli, G.A.; Metz, M.; Oguntunmibi, S.; Tran, N.; Xiang, G.; Lukin, D.; Scherl, E.J.; Longman, R.S. (Taylor and Francis, 2025-02-13)
Joint inflammation is the most common extraintestinal manifestation of Crohn's disease (CD). Although alterations in the enteric microbiota are described in CD with spondyloarthritis (CD-SpA), it is not known whether distinct taxa serve as markers for clinical subtypes of axial (AxSpA) or peripheral SpA (pSpA) in CD. Moreover, it is not yet known whether these taxa generate a specific systemic IgG response. Here, we sequenced the fecal microbiome from 106 individuals (44 CD, 39 CD-SpA, 14 CD-AxSpA, and 9 healthy controls [HC]). This unique cohort revealed distinct taxonomic compositions of CD and CD-SpA compared to HC and demonstrates that the composition of the CD-AxSpA microbiome is distinct from that of CD-pSpA. Using autologous serum, we identified enteric bacteria recognized by serum IgG and demonstrate differences in the IgG coating index of specific bacterial genera associated with CD-SpA. The IgG coating index of Mediterraneibacter gnavus differentiated patients with CD-pSpA and is positively associated with joint disease activity. This work illustrates divergent microbiome compositions in CD-SpA subtypes, as well as the recognition of distinct enteric bacteria by serum IgG with the potential to serve as a marker of joint inflammation in CD.