Data from: Earthquake Initiation from Laboratory Observations and Implications for Foreshocks
| dc.contributor.author | McLaskey, Gregory C. | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2019-12-06T19:50:48Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2019-12-06T19:50:48Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2019-12 | |
| dc.description.abstract | These data are from Laboratory Earthquake Experiments from the Cornell 3 m apparatus in support of the following research: This paper reviews laboratory observations of earthquake initiation and describes new experiments on a 3 m rock sample where the nucleation process is imaged in detail. Many of the laboratory observations are consistent with previous work that showed a slow and smoothly accelerating earthquake nucleation process that expands to a critical nucleation length scale Lc, before it rapidly accelerates to dynamic fault rupture. The experiments also highlight complexities not currently considered by most theoretical and numerical models. This includes a loading rate dependency where a “kick” above steady state produces smaller and more abrupt initiation. Heterogeneity of fault strength also causes abrupt initiation when creep fronts coalesce on a stuck patch that is somewhat stronger than the surrounding fault. Taken together, these two mechanisms suggest a rate-dependent “cascade-up” model for earthquake initiation. This model simultaneously accounts for foreshocks that are a byproduct of a larger nucleation process and similarities between initial P wave signatures of small and large earthquakes. A diversity of nucleation conditions are expected in the Earth’s crust, ranging from slip limited environments with Lc < 1 m, to ignition-limited environments with Lc > 10 km. In the latter case, Lc fails to fully characterize the initiation process since earthquakes nucleate not because a slipping patch reaches a critical length but because fault slip rate exceeds a critical power density needed to ignite dynamic rupture. | en_US |
| dc.description.sponsorship | This work was sponsored by USGS Earthquake hazards grant G18AP00010 and National Science Foundation grants EAR-1645163, EAR-1763499, and EAR-1847139. | en_US |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.7298/yqbn-fn15 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | https://hdl.handle.net/1813/69540 | |
| dc.language.iso | en_US | en_US |
| dc.relation.isreferencedby | McLaskey, G. C. (2019) Earthquake Initiation from Laboratory Observations and Implications for Foreshocks. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018363 | |
| dc.relation.isreferencedbyuri | https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JB018363 | |
| dc.rights | CC0 1.0 Universal | * |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ | * |
| dc.subject | earthquake nucleation | en_US |
| dc.subject | instability | en_US |
| dc.subject | bifurcation | en_US |
| dc.subject | friction | en_US |
| dc.subject | rupture propagation | en_US |
| dc.subject | heterogeneity | en_US |
| dc.title | Data from: Earthquake Initiation from Laboratory Observations and Implications for Foreshocks | en_US |
| dc.type | dataset | en_US |
| schema.accessibilityHazard | none | en_US |