In spite of these limitations, molecular data is revolutionizing the ability to study ARGs and provides an approach to monitor ARGs on farm, in the human medical clinics, and in the environment. Such surveillance will be needed to resolve the influence of management practices on the prevalence of ARGs and to help inform on- and off-farm decision making. As these big data issue of volume, velocity, variety, and veracity are overcome, genomic ARG testing will likely become a routine tool important to the management of herd health and environmental stewardship on modern dairy farms.