Development of the bioenergy industry offers multiple benefits, including reduced risk of global climate change through reduced production of greenhouse gases, increased national security, and improved national and local economies. Grasses in particular, but possibly legumes as well, will play a vital role as feedstocks for this emerging industry. Commercial cellulosic biofuel plants can be expected to be in production within the next 3 to 5 years, and initial expansion of the industry will begin in 5 to 10 years.