Although a number of major pests attack cabbage in New York, insects are the most important. Two lepidopteran larval pests that begin to attack cabbage early in the season are the diamondback moth and the imported cabbageworm. The cabbage looper, a lepidopteran migrant from the south, arrives late in the season and usually becomes an additional threat. Cabbage maggot, flea beetle, cabbage aphids, and onion thrips are other insect pests that warrant control measures. Cabbage is also sporadically infected by diseases such as black rot, black leg, downy mildew, club root, and sugar beet cyst nematode, any of which can result in substantial crop loss.