Recently, apple growers in western NY have suffered severe financial losses from unacceptable levels of fruit infestation by internal lepidoptera larvae. If this new crisis is not solved quickly, it could hasten the decline of this already beleaguered industry. Furthermore, if growers are forced to use harsh insecticides and revert to applying sprays on a calendar basis at 14-day intervals throughout the season to control these pests more than 30 years of IPM research and implementation may be subverted. The objectives of this project were : (1) Provide apple growers with effective ways of controlling internal fruit feeding Lepidoptera that are consistent with and integral to existing apple pest management systems. (2) Develop better understanding of internal Lepidoptera distribution in time and space, and susceptibility to insecticides so that control tactics can be made more robust and effective.