Marquis, Christopher

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    Drivers of Community Strength: An Institutional Logics Perspective on Geographical and Affiliation Based Communities
    Almandoz, Juan; Marquis, Christopher; Cheely, Michael (Sage Publications, Inc., 2016)
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    The Chinese Collectivist Model of Charity
    Marquis, Christopher; Li, Qi; Qiao, Kunyuan (Stanford Social Innovation Review, 2017)
    In the West, most wealthy entrepreneurs prefer to give to specific individual causes, by establishing their own foundation, family office, or donor-advised fund. Most Chinese entrepreneurs, by contrast, would rather work together and pursue philanthropy collectively. This article defines and describes this new model of charitable giving.
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    Different shades of green: environment uncertainty and the strategies of hybrid organizations
    Almandoz, Juan; Lee, Matthew; Marquis, Christopher (Research in the Sociology of Organizations, 2017)
    How does environmental uncertainty affect the process of starting new hybrid organizations? Our comparative analysis of the formation of two “green” banks – with hybrid goals linked to banking and environmental logics – reveals that shifts in their strategic orientations resulted from attempts to align uncertain and changing resource environments with the composition and goals of the organizations’ top leadership. While the initial idea and goals of the founders were similar, the organizations they established ended up with divergent strategic orientations and senior leadership groups.
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    State-Mediated Globalization Processes and the Adoption of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting in China
    Marquis, Christopher; Yin, Juelin; Yang, Dongning (Management and Organization Review, 2017-03)
    Despite the prevalence of global diffusion, little is known about the processes by which international practices are adopted and adapted within organizations around the world. Through our qualitative research on the introduction of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting at two leading Chinese companies, we identify a unique set of political mechanisms that we label state-mediated globalization, whereby powerful nation-state actors influence the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global norms and practices. We find that businesses’ needs for political legitimacy from a key stakeholder, in this case the government, leads them to deviate systematically from the global practice in both form and content. These intentional practice adaptations are then legitimized by the government to create internationalization tools and localized standards to aid adoption by other organizations. Our findings illustrate previously unidentified mechanisms by which powerful stakeholders such as the Chinese government may mediate, and thereby direct, the ways in which corporations adopt and adapt global CSR practices. Contributions to understanding the political processes of institutional translation in the context of globalization are discussed.
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    Accounting to the Public: Internet Activism and Corporate Social Responsiveness in Emerging Markets
    Luo, Xiaowei Rose; Zhang, Jianjun; Marquis, Christopher (Academy of Management Journal, 2016)
    Civil society’s inability to hold powerful businesses accountable in authoritarian regimes is a grand challenge in today’s global environment. We propose that the development of Internet activism provides a novel mechanism to pressure for corporate response in those societies. Internet activism is dispersed, fast moving, and interactive, and hence can effectively focus public attention and potentially undermine a company’s public image by generating social comparison. In addition, firms with public image vulnerability may experience magnified pressure from Internet activism, as well as more intense social comparison. We explore this framework in the setting of corporate donations made in the wake of the 2008 earthquake in the Sichuan Province of China, which triggered Internet activism that challenged corporations to contribute to the good of the community. Analysis based on 613 large publicly listed Chinese firms supports our framework.
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    Institutional Equivalence: How Industry and Community Peers Influence Corporate Philanthropy
    Marquis, Christopher; Tilcsik, Andras (2016)
    This paper explores how organizations respond to simultaneous institutional influences from two distinct sources: the industry in which they operate and the local geographic community in which they are headquartered. We theorize that the existence of institutional equivalents—other organizations at the same intersection of different fields, such as the same industry and the same community—provides a clear and well defined reference category for firms and thus shapes which subset of peers the focal organization imitates most closely. We develop hypotheses about how the presence or absence of institutional equivalents affects organizations’ responses to behavioral cues from different peer groups, how these effects vary when peers in different fields exhibit inconsistent behaviors, and how organizational characteristics, such as size and performance, strengthen or weaken the influence of institutional equivalents. We test our propositions through a longitudinal analysis of philanthropic contributions by Fortune 1000 firms from 1980 to 2006. Our framework illuminates how simultaneous presence in multiple fields affects organizations and introduces to institutional theory the concept of institutional equivalence, which we argue is a critical factor in determining how organizations respond to multiple institutional cues.
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    Do Political Connections Buffer Firms from or Bind Firms to the Government? A Study of Corporate Charitable Donations of Chinese Firms
    Zhang, Jianjun; Marquis, Christopher; Kunyuan, Qiao (Organization Science, 2016)
    Do political connections buffer firms from or bind firms to the government? To examine this theoretical puzzle, we distinguish two types of managerial political connections, ascribed and achieved, and theorize that these different types of ties either buffer firms from or bind firms to government demands. Furthermore, we propose that these effects are contingent on both industrial and regional institutional conditions. We test our framework with a unique panel data set of privately controlled listed firms’ charitable donations in China from 2001 to 2012. We find that firms whose executives have ascribed bureaucratic connections are more likely to use their connections as a buffer from governmental donation pressure, particularly in competitive industries and less market-oriented regions, whereas in state-monopolized industries this buffering effect is reduced. In contrast, achieved political connections are more likely to serve a binding function that facilitates donation, particularly in state-monopolized industries and more market-oriented regions, but in less market oriented regions, they buffer firms from the pressure to donate. Our research contributes to the literatures on the effects of political connections, the institutional contingencies of political connections, and the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate political activities (CPA).
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    Scrutiny, Norms, and Selective Disclosure: A Global Study of Greenwashing
    Marquis, Christopher; Toffel, Michael; Zhou, Yanhua (INFORMS, 2016)
    Under increased pressure to report environmental impacts, some firms selectively disclose relatively benign impacts, creating an impression of transparency while masking their true performance. We theorize circumstances under which firms are less likely to engage in such selective disclosure, focusing on organizational and institutional factors that intensify scrutiny and expectations of transparency and that foster civil society mobilization. We test our hypotheses using a novel panel data set of 4,750 public companies across many industries that are headquartered in 45 countries during 2004–2007. Results show that firms that are more environmentally damaging, particularly those in countries where they are more exposed to scrutiny and global norms, are less likely to engage in selective disclosure. We discuss contributions to research on institutional theory, strategic management, and information disclosure.
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    Shared Value with Chinese Characteristics: An Interview with Shen Guojun
    Marquis, Christopher; Zhang, Ying; Yang, Shiyu (2015-10)
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    The Double-edged Sword of Bureaucratic Connections
    Marquis, Christopher; Qian, Cuili (2015-10)
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    Risk Control is in My Blood
    Marquis, Christopher; Zhang, Chen (2012-11)
    “Risk Control is in My Blood”——An Interview with Dr. Ling Wen, President and CEO of China Shenhua Energy Company Limited
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    The Emergence of Subversive Charities in China
    Marquis, Christopher; Zhou, Yanhua; Yang, Zoe (2015-10-20)
    A new type of charity has emerged in China that is able to sidestep some of the controls that the government places on NGOs. By basing themselves on the Internet, these new charities can more easily engage Chinese citizens, raise funds, and tackle politically sensitive issues.
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    Building Sustainable Organizations in China
    Marquis, Christopher; Jackson, Susan E.; Li, Yuan (2015-09-16)
    As China shifts its development model from focusing on economic growth at all costs to a model in which economic growth is balanced with solving pressing societal and environmental problems, there is an increasing need for management research on building sustainable organizations in China. This collection of papers focuses attention on the role of business in promoting sustainable economic development, highlighting a number of key processes including: the factors that foster transparency and CSR reporting, how stakeholders can influence corporations to abandon their CSR commitments, the benefits of environmental branding and labeling, and the antecedents and performance consequences of proactive environmental strategies. In this introductory essay we reflect on recent trends in sustainability research in China, and to encourage this important movement, provide recommendations for future research directions.
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    The Sharing Economy in China: Toward a Unique Local Model
    Marquis, Christopher; Yang, Zoe (2014)
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    Achieving China’s next stage of “catching-up”
    Zhang, Ying; Marquis, Christopher (2015)
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    Happiness and Catching-up
    Zhang, Ying; Marquis, Christopher (2015)
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    Corporate Social Responsibility and Global Competitiveness
    Marquis, Christopher; Zhang, Ying (2015)
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    Institutional Strategies in Emerging Markets
    Marquis, Christopher; Raynard, Mia (The Academy of Management Annals, 2015)
    We review and integrate a wide range of literature that has examined the strategies by which organizations navigate institutionally diverse settings and capture rents outside of the marketplace. We synthesize this body of research under the umbrella term institutional strategies, which we define as the comprehensive set of plans and actions directed at leveraging and shaping sociopolitical and cultural institutions to obtain or retain competitive advantage. Our review of institutional strategies is focused on emerging market contexts, settings that are characterized by weak capital market and regulatory infrastructures and fast-paced turbulent change. Under such challenging conditions, strategies aimed at shaping the institutional environment may be especially critical to an organization’s performance and long-term survival. Our review reveals that organizations engage in three specific and identifiable sets of institutional strategies, which we term relational, infrastructure-building, and socio-cultural bridging. We conclude by highlighting fruitful avenues for cross-disciplinary dialogue in the hope of promoting future research on emerging markets and defining the next frontier of institutional theory in organizational analysis.