BEE 4530 - 1999 Student Papers

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https://hdl.handle.net/1813/279

Student research papers for Professor Ashim Datta's Biomed BEE 4530/Computer-aided Engineering course for 1999.

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Renal Tissue Preservation: Cooling the human kidney for optimal transport conditions
Calve, Sarah; Gartenberg, Shaun; Taxier, Karen; Utz, Edward (1999-01-10T21:46:16Z)
End Stage Renal Disease affects over 80,000 Americans each year. While there is no known cure, kidney transplants are the most effective way to combat the disease while bettering the quality of life for the patient. In this study, we implemented computer aided engineering in order to determine how a kidney cools during the time between harvest and transplantation. Our goal was to sustain the organ as long as possible outside the body while controlling for temperature and oxygen supply. We found that oxygen concentration of the kidney is only dependent on the boundary condition placed on the oxygen, and not at all related to the cooling rate. Our results showed that perfusion is beneficial because it is able to maintain the necessary amount of oxygen required for the kidney to sustain its own metabolism.
The ABC's: Atherosclerosis, Blood Flow, and the Carotid Artery
Beers, Craig; Jennifer, Burlingame; Johnson, Leigh Ann; Stepp, Eliza (1999-01-10T21:27:16Z)
The effects of blood flow were analyzed in the carotid artery, using computer aided engineering software (FIDAP and GAMBIT). The study was conducted because patients that have atherosclerosis often have plaque build up on the interior walls of the carotid artery directly before bifurcation. The design objectives were to analyze the velocity and shear stress through the carotid artery as the common section splits into the external and sinus sections. The results obtained demonstrated minimal velocity and shear stress in both the sinus and external sections of the artery. These differ from the expectations. In reality neither velocity nor shear stress decrease to this extent in normal blood flow through arteries. The results should have shown a decrease in both velocity and shear stress directly before the bifurcation. The plots obtained did demonstrate decreased velocity near the interior walls of the artery, as expected. Errors in the results relate to numerical problems with meshing. Further studies should be conducted to improve upon these results and include more realistic, less simplified parameters.
Water Flow and Heat Transfer Pattern in a HPS lamp
Gupta, Meghna; Langford, Darcey; Leary, Dan; Linhart, David; Piech, Tomasz (1999-01-10T21:21:33Z)
The purpose of this report is to model a High Pressure Sodium (HPS) light bulb. Velocity and heat transfer profiles were computed to determine the optimal configuration of heat evacuation using a liquid coolant. In this simulation, water is forced over the bulb to evacuate the large amount of heat that the HPS system produces. The results obtained show the velocity and heat transfer profiles for varying geometries of the HPS bulb. These conclusions can be used to optimize both the flow of coolant and the position of the inlet and outlet on the outer jacket to maximize operating efficiency.
Heating Effects of Dental Drilling
Bunimovich, Yuri; Mintseris, Julian; Kim, Becky; Mohan, Vivek (1999-01-10T21:19:16Z)
Drilling causes pain in the tooth for various reasons. This paper addresses the heating of the pulpal region due to friction from drilling. The heating may depend on such parameters as the speed of the drill, water supply, and the rate of drilling. By coupling the semi-infinite geometry of a tooth with complex mechanisms of drilling, it may be possible to optimize the conditions of drilling such that the patient feels minimal pain. Modeling the above process on the computational software called FIDAP, we concluded that higher drill speeds correlate to the reduction of perceived temperature, and thus, pain level.
Angiography
Fryman, Rodney Sean; Jarrad, Daniela Elizabeth; Lau, Christina Mei Lan; Raile, Benjamin William (1999-01-10T21:17:34Z)
This paper explores the use of Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) to model angiography dye flow in the detection of cerebral aneurysms. To obtain a discernable image, the concentration of the dye, Conray-60 ? , needed to be above 0.2 in the desired region. The design goal was to optimize the appropriate dye injection catheter diameter while maintaining dye flow rate constant to provide the longest time window to take an angiogram of the carotid artery. A geometric model of the system, consisting of a tubular 5 mm diameter artery of 0.3 m in length with the catheter outlet at the beginning of the tube, was produced using the graphical program GAMBITTM. After specifying initial and boundary conditions of the model, including velocities and concentrations, the CAE program FIDAPTM was used to compute the resulting fluid velocity and concentration change of the imaging dye, Conray-60? . Analysis was performed using a 2 mm diameter catheter and a 3 mm diameter catheter. The time window was obtained by finding the amount of time when the entire length of the region 5 cm from the inlet to the end of the tube maintained the desired concentration. For the 2 mm catheter, the time window was determined to be 1.5 seconds. The 3 mm catheter provided a time of 1.3 seconds. This analysis concludes that a smaller catheter provides a larger time window for the purpose of taking an angiogram when the flow rate cannot be changed.
Numerical Simulation of Natural Convection Heating in Canned Foods Containing Solid Particles
Acquarone, V; Bu-Contreras, R; Rumondor, A; Tacy, N (1999-01-10T20:25:03Z)
In this work we investigated the influence of solid particles on the heating of canned foods. A numerical model for natural convection heating of liquids developed by Datta and Teixeira in 1987 was used for predicting the values of temperature and velocity inside a can filled with liquid and grain. The solid particles influence the buoyancy that drives the flow during the heating of the can, and this problem has not been solved until now. As a first attempt to solve it, we assumed a radical simplification and treated the system composed of liquid and particles as a porous medium. FIDAP (Fluid Dynamics Analysis Package) was the finite-element-based software used for simulating the fluid and heat flow. The plots of distribution of temperature and velocity in the cans showed that the qualitative behavior of both cans (liquid and liquid+grain system) was the same: the liquid near the hot wall becomes lighter and rises, there is radial flow near the top and uniform flow near the centerline. In conclusion, we observed that the solid matrix reduces the magnitude of the velocities by approximately 10% and slows down the distribution of temperature in the can filled with liquid and grain.
Computer Aided Simulation of Varying Viscosities in Orange Juice Pasteurization
Akinwale, Pamela; Bhebe, Prince; Ogura, Nori (1999-01-10T20:21:43Z)
This project presents a FIDAP simulation for determining the effect of viscosity on the process time required to pasteurize orange juice of varying Brix* . Destruction of C. Botulinum and Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) were also modeled. Process time was found to be positively associated with viscosity, up to 30* Brix. There was a high retention of Ascorbic Acid for all concentrations. The highest retention was found with the 10*Brix juice. The highest bacterial destruction of approximately 0.5 log reduction was attained for an axis temperature of 73*C with the 35* Brix juice. Because FDA requirements specify a 5 log reduction, a holding tube needs to be added.

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