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3. Grapevine Tissue and Organ Injury, Accommodations to Injury, and Vine Repair Strategies
Martin Goffinet (American Society for Enology and Viticulture, 2011)
III. Grapevine Tissue and Organ Injury, Accomodations to Injury, and Vine Repair Strategies,
This presentation describes how grapevines respond to tissue injury from various sources and the strategies vines use for repairing injury at the cellular, tissue, organ, and whole-vine levels. Strategies include: Tolerance, Repair, Isolation, Circonvention, and deletion. Examples include: responses to powdery mildew, pierce's disease, grapevine yellows, phylloxera, graft unions, winter injury, and spring frost injury.
2. Grapevine Buds: Origin, Development, and Fruiting Potential
Martin Goffinet (American Society for Enology and Viticulture, 2011)
In this lecture, Dr. Goffinet describes in detail the origin and seasonal development of grapevine buds. Bud formation is a two year process, with next years' buds and tissues starting to develop by bloom. During the season, internal tissues, such as the first several leaf nodes, cluster and tendril primordia, are developed up to the 15th node by leaf fall and dormancy. Grapevine florets develop into flowers at the end of the dormant season, culminating in anthesis. Cluster number is already determined by bloom, and influenced by reserves, exposure and competition from other physiological sinks. Heat unit accumulation drives floral development. Managing buds to optimize fruitfulness, exposure, and retaining the best buds is a major objective of vine management.
Fast Radio Burst Community Newsletter - Volume 6, Issue 12
Nimmo, Kenzie; Chatterjee, Shami (2025-12-23)
I. Grapevine Vegetative Structure and Whole-vine Vascular Integration
Martin C. Goffinet (American Society for Enology and Viticulture, 2011)
1. Grapevine Vegetative Structure and Whole-vine Vascular Integration
This presentation describes in detail how grapevine tissues are organized and develop over the course of a growing season. Particular emphasis is given to conductive xylem and phloem tissues from shoot tip to root tip and how these tissues re-mobilize and reconnect over the annual cycle of growth and dormancy. In early spring, starch reserves stored in shoots, canes, trunks, and roots are mobilized to support early vine growth, and are exhausted around bloom. At bloom, photosynthate from the developing canopy is supporting shoot growth, cluster development, and emergence of next year's buds. The cambial layer generates xylem vessels and a new ring of phloem each year. Its reactivation starts at the developing shoot and travels down to the root system, only being fully reactivated at bloom. Following bloom, starch reserves start to accumulate again. Around veraison, the protective periderm layer forms starting at the base of the shoot and moves distally. The brown periderm layer is associated with supercooling of next year's buds and resistance to cold temperatures. Root tissues are organized differently than shoot tissues.
Data and scripts from: Formation and evolution of turbulence in convectively unstable internal solitary waves of depression shoaling over gentle slopes in the South China Sea
Bolioudakis, Tilemachos; Diamessis, Peter J.; Diamantopoulos, Theodoros; Thomsen, Greg (2026-01-16)
The shoaling of high-amplitude Internal Solitary Waves (ISWs) of depression in the South China Sea (SCS) is examined through large-scale parallel turbulence-resolving high-accuracy/resolution simulations. A select, near-isobath-normal, bathymetric transect of the gentle SCS continental slope is employed together with stratification and current profiles obtained by in-situ measurements. Three simulations of separate ISWs with initial deep-water amplitudes in the range [136m, 150m] leverage a novel wave-tracking capability for a propagation distance of 80km and accurately reproduce key features of in-situ-observed phenomena with significantly higher spatiotemporal resolution. The interplay between convective and shear instability and the associated turbulence formation and evolution, as a function of deep-water ISW amplitude are further studied in-part revealing processes previously not observed in the field. Across all three waves, the convective instability develops in a similar fashion. Heavier water entrained from the wave rear plunges into its interior, giving rise to transient, yet distinct, subsurface vortical structures. Ultimately, a gravity current is triggered which horizontally advances through the wave interior and mixes it down to pycnocline’s base. Although the waveform remains distinctly symmetric, Kelvin-Helmholtz billows emerge near the well-mixed ISW trough, disturb the wave’s trailing edge and give rise to an active wake. The evolution of the kinetic energy associated with finer-scale perturbations to the ISW-induced velocity field shows two different growth regimes, each dominated by either convective or shear instability. The wake’s perturbation kinetic energy is nonlinearly dependent on deep-water wave amplitude and can become a sizable fraction of the kinetic energy of the deep-water ISW.