The recently restored Tokyo Station and its neighboring Marunouchi District, in the urban core of Tokyo, have experienced significant redevelopment in the past two decades. The successful restoration of Tokyo Station presents a valuable case for preservationists to reflect on how saving historic modern architecture is possible in an urban area where the land value is extremely high. As the business of real estate in Japan increases in significance and economic development is linked to new buildings in people's perception of progress, modern-era architecture that lacks designation is endangered by the process of urban renewal. This thesis explores the decision-making process behind the restoration of Tokyo Station and the redevelopment of its surrounding area and discusses the rationale of this restoration and redevelopment. The restoration of Tokyo Station is not merely a preservation effort. It should also be placed within the context of the re-developing transportation industry, the transformation of the local and the national economies, and the preservation climate in Tokyo. By reviewing secondary documents and data to construct the basic framework for the analysis of the restoration, this work demonstrates that the Tokyo Station project was associated with the changing economic conditions of Marunouchi District and the transformation of the railway industry; and that the restoration of Tokyo Station met the core interests of the major stakeholders in the district. Although the preservation group successfully attracted broad attention to the need for the preservation of Tokyo Station it played only a limited role in the actual process of redevelopment.   iii