These files contain data supporting all results reported in Van Linn et al. (2026). Seismic velocity variations δv/v are promising tools to measure crustal stress changes that can aid in forecasting large earthquakes. However, it is currently unclear if δv/v measurements surrounding earthquakes are related more closely to stress or damage, and how they relate to δv/v observed in laboratory experiments. We document δv/v at 6 different transects along a granite sample in m-scale laboratory stick-slip experiments. Velocity changes are predominantly due to mechanisms in the bulk, intact granite rather than on the fault. Slip events cause reductions in P and S wave velocities from both quasi-static stress changes and shaking induced damage that then heals linearly with logarithmic time increments. However, for natural earthquakes, only shaking induced damage and its time dependent recovery are typically observed, while stress changes are not measurable. We also observe spatially confined nucleation-related signals in the lab, but caution that similar processes in the earth should be far below detection limits.