Creating Peaceful Coexistence in a Context of Chronic Violence: Masculinities, Intimate Violence, and Everyday Reconciliations in Post-Conflict Burundi
This dissertation presents an ethnographic, feminist exploration about tackling “everyday” domestic violence, within the extraordinary conditions of mass violence and dehumanizing poverty. It follows the story of the Abatangamuco, a unique development intervention that emerged after Burundi’s civil war, in a brief moment of peace in a history of chronic violence. Drawing on the experiences of grassroots peacebuilding, the Abatangamuco applied a peace and reconciliation approach to the crisis of domestic violence, which was notably unaddressed in the national peace plan. Applying transitional justice concepts of accountability, truth-telling, reconciliation and forgiveness, the Abatangamuco model catalyzed profound personal transformations among men who once practiced extreme domestic violence. Those men who join the Abatangamuco movement publicly commit to model a new masculinity, based on nonviolence and relationships of mutual respect. While its feminist implications are ambiguous, this little-known story from the poorest country in the world has important insights for scholars and non-academic practitioners. It addresses questions of transitional justice, feminist peacebuilding, masculinities, and development intervention in post-conflict settings. What is intellectually interesting about the Abatangamuco is that it did not fail. Even as Burundi has backslid into a repressive, militarized state, the Abatangumco continues to evolve organically, responding meaningfully to the crisis of thwarted masculinity and gender-based violence. As such, it is an unexpected success of transitional justice, in a context of failed peace. It represents a grounded experiment in feminist peacebuilding, showcasing the possibility for centering, rather than deferring the crisis of domestic violence in transitional justice. It also represents a rare experiment in rehabilitating male perpetrators of domestic violence that creates meaningful pathways for men to restore social relations and self-respect, while constructing a new model of nonviolent masculinity. At the same time, it is not a model of feminist transformation, and its evolution as a model raises critical questions about the necessary dynamics for transformation change and social justice for survivors of domestic violence in a context of extreme poverty and chronic violence. Above all, this is a story about studying intermedial moments and the importance of a feminist perspective and everyday lens into the post-conflict dynamics of reconciliation. This story suggests that even in chronic instability and deprivation, there are times and places when this type of hopeful social intervention can take root. In a region ever on the brink of violence, it is as important to examine the legacy of these of intermedial moments of reconciliation from the margins, as it is to analyze the failures of peace at the top.