This dissertation investigates the occurrence, fate, and effects of mixture of organic micropollutants in water systems, emphasizing their roles in the induction of antibiotic resistance and toxicity, and their potential health implications. Current antibiotic resistance assessment assays predominantly rely on time-consuming culture-based or costly molecular methods. These approaches often incur high costs and may not align with current human health risk models for antibiotic resistance, underscoring the need for more efficient and representative testing methodologies. To address these challenges, this work introduces a novel screening method for assessing the antibiotic resistance potential. Integrating advanced molecular techniques and environmental engineering principles, this study provides comprehensive insights into the dynamics of mixture of micropollutants across various aquatic environments and their interactions with public health. First, a novel transcriptomics-based methodology is developed to assess the antibiotic resistance induction potential of water contaminants. Utilizing a GFP-fused E. coli ARG library, this approach enables the detailed examination of genetic expressions influenced by environmental pollutants, thereby advancing the understanding of antibiotic resistance mechanisms. Second, the study assesses the impacts of disinfection processes, specifically GAC treatment and its efficacy in mitigating disinfection byproducts and their toxic impacts. By employing genotoxicity bioassays, the study evaluates various water treatment methodologies, offering crucial insights into optimizing water quality while reducing potential health risks. Third, the study addresses the broader implications of disinfectants and DBPs on public health, with a particular focus on their roles in the induction of antibiotic resistance. This section provides evidence that continuous exposure to the mixture of DBPs can induce antibiotic resistance and reveal the potential mechanism. Last, the study explores the association between organic micropollutants in drinking water and human health, particularly focusing on phthalates and their correlation with adverse birth outcomes in North Puerto Rico. Through extensive sampling and analysis, this research establishes a link between environmental exposure and significant health effects, highlighting the urgent need for effective water treatment solutions. Collectively, this work not only enhances the scientific understanding of micropollutant dynamics but also informs policy-making and public health strategies, aiming to mitigate the risks associated with waterborne contaminants and improve global water quality.