[Excerpt] This study by Irudaya Rajan brings to light the current and emerging issues concerning the implications of demographic change on the labour market in India. While population ageing is a major achievement of our times it presents major challenges for the world of work that need to be addressed. With 90 million persons over 60 years of age, India has the second largest population of older people in the world. Furthermore, between now and 2050 the Indian population over 60 years of age will almost quadruple. The low level of benefits and their limited coverage push large numbers of older people (particularly older women) to continue working in the informal economy. The combination of old-age, lack of access to decent work, poverty and exclusion is therefore of great concern. This India study discusses the main economic and labour market issues and implications related to population ageing in India, and presents an overview of current policy responses. Section 1 of the study describes the main current and future demographic trends. Section 2 analyses overall employment and labour market situation of the older persons. Section 3 focuses on the poverty incidence in the old age in urban and rural areas. Section 4 deals with the main challenges of the social security system and provides an overview of the current pension reform. Section 5 presents the two main national policies targeting older people in India. The final section puts forward main policy suggestions towards ensuring a secure and decent old age for the Indian population.