About 7.5% of people all over the world are in suffer from lower back pain caused by intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. This thesis explores two possible routes to develop robust mineral coatings for PEEK and collagen substrates that have the potential to improve IVD implant osseointegration. Chapter 1 introduces intervertebral disc degeneration, its causes, and the current treatment methods, as well as hydroxyapatite coatings for implant materials. Chapter 2 describes a hydroxyapatite coating designed for the controlled release of rhBMP-2 (growth factor). In this study, I was testing the hypothesis that the incorporation of rhBMP-2 during the transformation from CaCO3 to hydroxyapatite will result in a mineral film that has a slower rhBMP-2 release rate as compared to physisorbed rhBMP-2. The results, however, refute this hypothesis because the release kinetics between the three test cases do not vary significantly. The film grown in the presence of rhBMP-2, however, does incorporate more rhBMP-2 than either control substrate. Chapter 3 describes a construct design of multilayer collagen with a mineral gradient. In this study, I was testing the hypothesis that adding a transitional layer, composed of mineral particles dispersed within a collagen gel, between a top, dense mineral coating and a pure collagen gel, will improve the adhesion and even distribution of CaCO3 nanoparticles, which subsequently via dissolution-recrystallization will result in a uniform layer of hydroxyapatite. The results agree with the hypothesis. This research aims to expand the synthetic methodologies available for creating stable hydroxyapatite coatings on polymeric substrates and may lead to improvements in the design of materials for IVD implants for lower back pain patients.