THE STRUCTURE AND REACTIVITY OF POTASSIUM ALKYL- AND BIS – TRIMETHYLSILAZIDES
The solution structure and reactivity of potassium alkyl- and bis- silylamides (KN(SiMe3)R; R=SiMe3, KHMDS; R=i-Pr, KPTA; and R=t-Bu, KBTA) were investigated using spectroscopic and computational methods as well as reactions with various arenes. 29Si chemical shifts were relied upon to assign aggregation states in various aromatic and polar, aprotic O- and N-sigma donor solvents. All three potassium silazides were characterized as dimers in most solvents, including the polyamines TMEDA and PMDTA. Only THF and polyethereal solvents (DME, diglyme, 15-crown-5, 18-crown-6 and [2.2.2]cryptand) were shown to deaggregate KHMDS to monomer. THF was the only solvent to form monomeric KBTA. Monomeric KPTA was never observed. DFT optimized geometries and single point energies were used to assign the solvation numbers of spectroscopically observable aggregates. KHMDS was observed to metallate arenes slowly at ambient temperature, but KBTA was able to metallate a variety of haloarenes at –78 ºC, which were trapped and characterized with MeOD, Me3SiCl, and pivaldehyde. KBTA-mediated directed orthometallation proved to be substrate dependent; halopyridines yielded the high isolated yields of pivaldehyde adducts, which were not always reflected in deuteration yields. 3-halogenated benzotrifluorides were observed to metalate completely via in situ IR and afforded deuterated products quantitatively, but they exhibited low yields of pivaldehyde adducts. Ultimately, we suspect the large diffuse coordination sphere of potassium makes it more challenging to control and study when compared with their sodium or lithium analogs.