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  6. Drug Release Simulation of Swelling and Deformation in HPMC Tablets

Drug Release Simulation of Swelling and Deformation in HPMC Tablets

File(s)
Group4_finalreport-1.pdf (2.1 MB)
Permanent Link(s)
https://hdl.handle.net/1813/117731
Collections
BEE 4530 – 2025 Student Papers
Author
Femi-Akanbi, Damilare
Joshi, Priyanka
Lujanac, Jacob
Taglich, Stella
Abstract

In this project, we aim to develop a comprehensive mathematical model to describe drug release kinetics from hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) matrices, polymers commonly used in controlled drug delivery systems. HPMC facilitates sustained drug release by swelling upon water absorption, enabling gradual diffusion of the drug over time. However, this release process involves multiple interdependent mechanisms: water diffuses into the matrix, causing it to swell, while the drug simultaneously diffuses outward. Many existing models oversimplify these processes, often neglecting either diffusion or swelling, leading to inaccurate predictions. Such inaccuracies can result in overdosing or underdosing, compromising therapeutic outcomes, and reducing the ability to tailor release profiles to patient-specific needs. To address this, our model integrates both diffusion and swelling mechanisms to more accurately capture the dynamics of drug release from HPMC matrices. The system is modeled using COMSOL Multiphysics® 6.0, with the drug tablet represented as a 2D axisymmetric geometry approximating a thin cylinder. As water diffuses into the matrix, it causes the polymer to swell axially, expanding the cylinder and facilitating drug diffusion out of the system. By applying conservation of mass through one-dimensional mass transfer equations, we simulate both water uptake and drug release, coupling these processes to model the resulting axial expansion. This swelling is represented as a moving boundary condition driven by water absorption. Initial results revealed notable discrepancies between our model and experimental data. Without implementing a ramping function, the model predicted an unusually slow release profile, with only 20 percent of the drug released in eight hours, compared to the 80 percent observed experimentally. Additionally, the predicted axial expansion reached three times the initial height, whereas experimental data showed only a two-fold increase. While some of this deviation can be attributed to inherent model limitations, these do not fully explain the exaggerated early-stage expansion seen within the first two hours. As such, refining the model to better capture the physics of axial swelling remains a priority. Despite these deviations, the model successfully captured key qualitative trends, lending confidence to its use for comparative analysis. To investigate how tablet geometry affects drug release, we simulated four cylindrical configurations: RxL, Rx2L, 2RxL, and 2Rx2L, each differing in radius and length. We analyzed the surface area to volume (SA to Vol) ratio across these geometries. Tablets with higher SA to Vol ratios (RxL and 2RxL) released approximately 98 percent of the drug within three to eight hours. In contrast, those with lower ratios (Rx2L and 2Rx2L) released only 68 percent and 66 percent, respectively. These findings indicate that drug release is inversely correlated with tablet length, while changes in radius have a comparatively minor effect. Thus, diffusion path length appears to be a more dominant factor than surface area in determining release rate.

Date Issued
2025-05
Keywords
Drug Diffusion
•
Extended Release
•
HPMC
•
Water Absorption
•
Tablet Geometry
Type
technical report

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