ADVANCING GLOBAL POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSIS: INNOVATIONS IN DETECTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND CANCER
In the past decades, nucleic acid testing (NAT) has emerged as a pivotal approach for diagnosing a variety of infectious diseases and cancers including COVID-19 and Kaposi’s Sarcoma. In NATs, specific nucleic acid sequences are detected and quantified through DNA amplification from a sample. Among NATs, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has gained particular attention for point-of-care (POC) applications due to its advantages over traditional testing approaches. LAMP stands out for its resilience against inhibitors, rapid turnaround time, and minimal need for sophisticated instrumentation, making it well-suited for settings where centralized healthcare is atypical. While true, the need for robust high-throughput devices and streamlined processes are still needed for the complete realization of LAMP applications at the point of care. This dissertation presents the design and deployment of a novel high-throughput device tailored for LAMP applications, alongside the refinement of DNA extraction methods suitable for POC settings. The second chapter details the development and construction of MINI, a high-throughput device capable of running hundreds of LAMP reactions per day. In the third chapter, MINI is explored as an early detection system for COVID-19, utilizing wastewater samples at a localized level to detect SARS-CoV-2. The fourth chapter delves into the optimization and assessment of numerous rapid and simple DNA extraction techniques compatible with LAMP, emphasizing the selection of appropriate methods for POC applications involving skin biopsies. Collectively, these chapters propel the research efforts and technological advancements toward the complete realization of LAMP applications in remote and decentralized settings.