This dissertation explores how militant writers in France and the Caribbean produced new political philosophies of historical time in order to grasp the untimeliness of revolutionary movements at the end of empire. Between the Occupation and the end of formal decolonization, anticolonialism and antifascism were profoundly intertwined for a coterie of literary intellectuals on the Left and together produce a multifaceted critique of race supremacy and imperial domination. The ascendance of Nazism and decline of European imperial power announced a new crisis of progressive conceptions of history, in turn nourished by non-synchronicities emanating from anticolonial thinkers and movements. As linear and progressive notions of historical movement became problematized in the era of fascist aggression and national liberation, the literature of Surrealism-adjacent left-wing intellectuals staged novel imaginaries of social change through untimely temporal structures, schemas and orientations. Bridging literary-historical and politico-philosophical methodologies, I endeavor a historicization of untimeliness as a major aesthetic and political preoccupation among cultural figures across the Atlantic. My analyses are constellated in socio-textual scenes that combine poetic, theatrical, essayistic and philosophical texts with their anticolonial and antifascist contexts, between the Vichy Occupation and the end of formal decolonization. Through them, I demonstrate how the past, present and future were re-conceptualized by francophone intellectuals in light of global movements against race supremacy and imperialism. Chapters concern Aimé Césaire’s theater and future-oriented rebellion in Vichy Martinique, presentisms in the transatlantic antifascist poetics of René Char and René Depestre, the pre-historical past in Jean Genet’s essays on theater and politics and corporeal temporalities in the Antillean texts of Michel Leiris and Frantz Fanon.