Seeding Rates For Modern Grain Corn Hybrids In New York
Corn (Zea mays L.) seeding rates have increased in northern latitudes because new hybrids lodge less, have improved drought tolerance, and may respond more positively to higher rates in narrow rows. Farmer-researcher partnerships were formed to evaluate two recent hybrid releases at four seeding rates (61,750, 74,100, 86,450, and 98,800 kernels ha-1) at a twin row site, a narrow row site (0.51 m rows), and two sites in 0.76 m rows in field-scale studies in 2011 and 2012 (warm and dry July conditions) in New York. Partial budget analyses were conducted to aid in future seeding rate decisions based on current market grain prices ($265.76 Mg-1), and seed ($225 80,000-1 kernels), drying ($2.36 Mg-1 per 10 g kg-1 of moisture exceeding 150 g kg-1) and hauling ($7.87 Mg-1) costs. Grain yield and relative profit responded inconsistently to seeding rates across locations, between hybrids, and between years at one location. Maximum relative profit exceeded the recommended seeding rate of 74,100 kernels ha-1 at the twin-row site (76,000 kernels ha-1), at the narrow row site in 1 of 2 years (85,000-95,000 kernels ha-1), but never at the 0.76 m row sites. The lack of a consistent response to seeding rates is probably related to dry July conditions, which contributed to decreases of 4 to 5 kernels plant-1 as well as approximate 1 mg decreases with each 1000 kernel ha-1 increase in seeding rates at most sites. Based on the results of this study, recommended seeding rates in New York will not change.