Resource constraints may make a biobased economy impossible if it is expected to continue at the pace and consumption level of the fossil-based economy in industrial and postindustrial societies. While the world economy will not suddenly run out of land to produce food and materials for the biobased economy, progression toward the ultimate limit to growth will be incremental, marked by increased pollution of air and water, declines in productivity of degraded soils, and reduced availability and access to fossil-fuel-derived inputs to production.