Diversity in Dosage: How Minority Inclusion Shapes Adverse Outcomes in GLP-1 Clinical Trials
The thesis determines the relationship between racial minority representation and the reporting of non-fatal adverse events in clinical trials for Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) interventions. Using data extracted from ClinicalTrials.gov, the study utilizes three modeling approaches to conduct a meta-analysis on how different compositions of minority participants correlate with reported rates of five common side-effects in GLP-1 usage: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dizziness, and upper respiratory infection. Contrary to the initial hypothesis that minority inclusion would correlate with higher reported rates of adverse events, based on prior literature, the current findings reveal a consistent inverse relationship. A higher proportion of racial and ethnic minority participants was associated with lower reported incidence rates of the five adverse events analyzed. When this trend is interpreted through a sociomedical context, it reflects issues with underreporting. Contributing factors include cultural traditions and perceptions, reduced health literacy rates, and medical mistrust. This study is further supported by qualitative interviews with experts in clinical trials and health ethics, as well as by the application of sociological frameworks. Collectively, the findings from the qualitative and quantitative data underscore the pressing need to make clinical trials more inclusive, transparent, and culturally responsive.