Cercospora leaf spot (CLS), caused by the fungus Cercospora beticola, is detrimental to the foliar health of table beets, resulting in substantial economic loss. Primary infections may arise from C. beticola-infested crop residue, seed, and alternative hosts, while conidia contribute to multiple secondary infection cycles, accelerating disease progression within a season. However, the relative contributions of primary and secondary inoculum sources and their spatiotemporal spread remain poorly understood. To address this, laboratory and field experiments and population genetic analyses were used to investigate the role of infested seed and crop residue in causing CLS outbreaks in table beet fields. Seed dissection assays revealed that C. beticola was primarily localized within the outer tissues of table beet seeds. Field trials and population genetic analyses confirmed that an infested seed lot contributed to earlier disease onset, and greater CLS severity and epidemic progress compared to the noninfested seed lot. Spatial modeling of CLS gradients and population biology analyses indicated that disease spread was best explained by wind-dispersed conidia. However, the detection of shared multilocus genotypes between consecutive seasons within the same field suggested that infested crop residue is the dominant source of inoculum initiating outbreaks in subsequent years, underscoring the importance of crop rotation in CLS management. Due to the absence of resistant commercial table beet cultivars and the limited effectiveness of cultural controls, CLS is primarily managed by fungicides. However, the high genetic diversity of C. beticola populations increases the risk of rapid development of fungicide resistance, challenging the durability of current chemistries. Therefore, this study also evaluated host resistance, fungicide efficacy, and residue management strategies for sustainable CLS management. Cultivar screening revealed two cultivars, Irazu and Bazzu, with reduced susceptibility to CLS. Fungicide trials identified several products with moderate to high efficacy, which could be used in rotation to manage fungicide resistance. Among residue management practices, fall-applied heat treatment was the most effective strategy, significantly reducing CLS severity and epidemic progress in the subsequent season. Together, the findings from this multifaceted research provide a comprehensive framework to guide integrated and sustainable CLS management strategies in table beet production.