The transportation sector accounts for roughly one-quarter of global greenhouse gasemissions and has become a central focus of international climate policy. As low- and middle-income countries grow, rising vehicle ownership makes it essential that global decarbonization efforts include these markets. Despite a substantial body of research on passenger-vehicle electrification in developed economies, much less is known about the impacts of similar policies in developing countries. This dissertation examines how existing and potential policies can accelerate transportation electrification and reduce emissions in developing countries. Chapter 1 analyzes the two-wheeler market and related policy interventions. I find that electric two-wheeler subsidies, the removal of fuel subsidies, and fuel-consumption–based bans on gasoline two-wheelers all increase electric two-wheeler market shares and reduce emissions. Chapter 2 evaluates the effects of shifting from a displacement-based vehicle tax to an emission-based tax, as well as introducing incentives for electric vehicles, using Indonesia as a case study. Chapter 3 reviews recent research on the broader implications of industrial policies designed to promote electric vehicles, with particular attention to supply-side mechanisms. Together, these chapters contribute to the literature on decarbonizing the transportation sector, with an emphasis on policy design and effectiveness in developing countries.