[Exerpt] Whether they are line managers, human resource management staff, or organizational psychologists, managers of human resources must make decisions (e.g., hiring, placement, training, compensation, performance appraisal, feedback, etc.) in which theories of human work behavior play an important role. I/O psychologists (and other social scientists) find the organizational environment a rich source of information for advancing knowledge and testing theories about employment relationships, their antecedents and consequences. Applied research articles inevitably discuss "practical implications," but what is the real value of human resource productivity improvement programs?