Abdominal Wall Disease in a Periparturient Standardbred Mare with a Live Foal Outcome
A 10-year-old Standardbred multiparous mare, 335 days in gestation was presented to the Cornell Equine Hospital with a chief complaint of colic 2 days prior to arrival and elevated serum amyloid A (SAA). A positive outcome for both mare and foal were desired. On presentation, the patient was slightly tachycardic (56 bpm), and had slight hyperemia of the mucous membranes. Physical exam revealed significantly warm and increased pitting ventral edema. She had no mammary development and complete blood count revealed hemoconcentration, and a mild neutrophilia with a left shift. Biochemistry demonstrated elevated creatine kinase (4207, normal 142-548 U/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST, 602, normal 199-374 U/L). Transabdominal ultrasound revealed no free fluid or distended viscus. Transrectal palpation revealed a gravid uterus with an active fetus and a slight increase in the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta (13.4 mm) and abnormal echogenicity of allantoic fluid. Based on the findings, placentitis and body wall disease (BWD) were suspected. She was treated with antibiotics, fluid therapies, non-steroidal anti-inflammatories, ice boots, and a lidocaine continuous rate of infusion for pain management. The following day, the mare began to show signs of udder development but udder secretion pH was above 7, and therefore induction was not elected. Transabdominal ultrasound of the body wall revealed that the caudal portion of the rectus abdominis to have had a superficial tear bilaterally. She became increasingly uncomfortable and serial ultrasounds revealed a worsening of her BWD. The mare also developed bloody mammary secretions. An epidural catheter was placed for pain management. A few hours later, the patient was noticed to have fluid dripping from the mammary gland and hock. Vaginal examination revealed a ruptured chorioallantois and a fully dilated cervix but no contractions were noted. The foal was in anterior dorso-pubic position and an assisted vaginal delivery resulted in a live filly. Fetal membranes were delivered within 4 hours post foaling. Repeat transabdominal ultrasounds revealed worsening of the tears and herniation of motile small intestine and the right uterine horn. Her ventral edema subsided and she recovered well. She was discharged with a belly band to support her abdomen during her trailer ride home and is being used as an embryo transfer donor mare.