A practical example of Food Fraud is the adulteration of milk with water to increase its value at sale. Once milk was sold based on protein content, its adulteration with water was eliminated. However, in more recent times, it has been adulterated with melamine because protein content is often assayed with non-specific technologies which measure total nitrogen. Factors that motivate EMA are the rising prices of agricultural raw materials, the complexity of supply chains, and the complex compositions of food products. Many times, adulteration has had significant public-health consequences.