Development Aims and Impacts. The Kerala Sustainable Urban Development Project sought to: (i) improve and expand urban infrastructure and services; (ii) enhance livelihoods; and (iii) strengthen urban management, planning, and the financing capacity of institutions for sustainable provision of urban infrastructure and services in five cities (Kochi, Kollam, Kozhikode, Thiruvananthapuram, and Thrissur). With the project interventions, improvements in urban infrastructure (water supply, sewerage and sanitation, solid waste management, and road transportation) have enhanced the quality of life in these five cities. Improvements in access to safe water and sanitation facilities have reduced the workloads of women and girls. Women’s and girls’ mobility is also now safer, and family hygiene practices are healthier. The project offered vocational training in a number of areas supporting women’s business initiatives. Thus, women and men have more opportunities for employment and to initiate income-generating activities. Women’s participation in the project initiatives has enhanced their self-esteem and nurtured their leadership abilities. ADB Processes and Management. A gender action plan was prepared during project design, highlighting the importance of women’s participation in all project activity components. Community participation initiatives took specific measures to ensure women’s participation and the inclusion of women’s perspectives.