This project develops a life cycle assessment (LCA) framework for pavement maintenance and rehabilitation (M&R) technologies. Pavement is a key component of transportation infrastructure and accounts for a large portion of annual agency expenditure on transportation infrastructure maintenance. Traditional scheduling of pavement M&R activities is primarily based on minimization of life cycle cost incurred by both agencies and users. Environmental impact of pavement is typically ignored. This project defines the functional unit, develops the LCA modules of pavements, identifies and develops needed data sources, and develops time-variant models to quantify the environmental impact of pavement, in terms of energy consumption and emission originating during the entire pavement life cycle. Outcomes from this project can provide guidance on rational pavement M&R policies that reduce the environmental impact of pavement on the society. The developed framework will be used to evaluate and optimize pavement M&R alternatives in follow-up studies.