MEASUREMENT OF THE THREE-PHOTON EXCITATION SPECTRUM OF TEXAS RED BETWEEN 1300 NM AND 1800 NM
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In this thesis, we report the measurement of the three-photon excitation spectrum of the fluorophore Texas Red over the spectral range of 1300 nm to 1800 nm. Using an epi-fluorescence setup, we measure the three-photon spectrum as a function of wavelength. Power dependence curves confirmed the three-photon nature of the excitation, and cross sections are extracted using a reference-based method grounded in previously reported cross sections of fluorescein. Experiments are conducted in both H₂O and D₂O to account for solvent absorption. Our results contribute the first continuous spectrum of Texas Red’s three-photon excitation cross section in this infrared window, relevant for deep-tissue imaging applications. The findings have implications for optimizing fluorophore choice, in comparison with other red fluorophores..