ASSOCIATION OF SERUM ZINC CONCENTRATION WITH COMPONENTS OF METABOLIC SYNDROME AMONG ADOLESCENTS: EVIDENCE FROM NATIONALLY REPRESENTATIVE COMPLEX SURVEY IN INDIA
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An increasing trend of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adolescents in India and around the globe justifies the need for identifying potential interventions. This study thus aimed to examine the association between serum zinc concentrations (SZC) and the metabolic risk factors among Indian adolescents aged 10 - 19 years. This study used cross-sectional data from the India’s 2016-18 Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey, and all the analyses took the complex survey design into account. Multiple linear regression analyses found significant (P < 0.001) positive associations of SZC with systolic blood pressure (regression coefficient (β): 0.014; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.012 – 0.015), diastolic blood pressure (β: 0.005; 95% CI: 0.004 – 0.007), mean arterial pressure (β: 0.004; 95% CI: 0.003 – 0.005), high-density lipoprotein (β: 0.036; 95% CI: 0.028 – 0.043), low-density lipoprotein (β: 0.088; 95% CI: 0.071 – 0.104), total cholesterol (β: 0.115; 95% CI: 0.101 – 0.129), and waist circumference (β: 0.008; 95% CI: 0.004 – 0.012) but negative associations of SZC with fasting plasma glucose (β: -0.041; 95% CI: - 0.048 – -0.034) and glycated hemoglobin (β: -0.0005; 95% CI: -0.0007 – -0.0004). Multivariate adjusted models with interaction effect of restricted cubic spline effect of zinc and sex found these associations to vary between males and females and by different levels of SZC. These findings indicate that zinc may impact the development of MetS through its effects on metabolic risk factors, but inferring causal association requires gender-specific prospective data from populations with varying zinc status.