Measuring Diets of Young Children: A Review of Diet Assessment Tools Used in the Home Environment
While early childhood is a key time to promote healthy eating behaviors, young children, ages 2-5 years old, in the U.S. have poor diet quality. Interventions that aim to improve child diet often target the home environment, given its outsized role in influencing overall diet quality of young children. While the nuances of using diet assessment tools to assess and track the diet of young children has been well documented, there is limited research that examines the practical application of this guidance. The goals of this study were to 1.) conduct a narrative review of studies that use diet assessment tools to measure the diet of children aged 2- to 5-years of age in the home environment and 2.) describe the use of diet assessment tools by these studies through the summarization of respondent characteristics, tool characteristics, and key dietary outcomes of the included studies. Using the 2020 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Approach (PRISMA) Guidelines, a search of Pubmed and Web of Science was conducted and 21 relevant studies were identified. All studies used parents or caregivers as respondents of the home environment, though the majority used mothers. Key dietary outcomes reported were largely aligned with the type of portion size information collected by the tools. Additionally, a little over half of the studies provided psychometric properties of the included diet assessment tool. The findings from this review suggest that there is room for future studies to increase use of approaches that will increase accuracy of diet measures in young children and highlights the need for more consistency in the reporting of these modifications