The Adirondack Mountains of New York, US, host graphite deposits that have been exploited since the early 19th century. The last systematic study of the regional graphite deposits was conducted by Harold L. Alling in 1918. At that time, graphite was important for lubricants, pencils, and crucibles, and mines were exploited in the eastern Adirondacks by the Lake George area and in the northwest Adirondacks around St. Lawrence County. Today, the demand for graphite has expanded, such that it is considered a critical mineral due to its importance in lithium-ion battery production. This study presents an updated investigation into the geology and mineralization characteristics of the Adirondack graphite deposits, utilizing multiple analytical techniques: Raman spectroscopy, carbon isotopic analysis, and hyperspectral analysis. The regional geology consists of amphibolite-grade metamorphic crystalline and metasedimentary rocks, including graphite-bearing gneisses, marbles, calcsilicates, and schists formed during the 1.3-1.0 Ga Grenville orogeny. Samples were collected during field mapping of historical mining sites and surrounding areas. Petrographic analysis reveals that graphite primarily occurs as discrete flakes in quartzofeldspathic gneiss, schist, marble, and pegmatitic rocks. The textural relationships of graphite with surrounding minerals are crucial: graphite also appears in small, connected veinlets, cross-cutting all other minerals, forming anastomosing patterns, and alongside sillimanite altering to micaceous minerals. Raman spectroscopy indicates that the graphite crystallized at temperatures consistent with amphibolite to granulite facies regional metamorphism, between 650-800°C. δ13C values are instrumental in distinguishing between carbon sources: 1) Biogenic, 2) Carbonate reduction, and 3) Fluid mixing. Laboratory hyperspectral analysis of graphite-bearing rocks has detected alteration minerals useful for petrographic studies and provides guidance for future remote sensing exploration. The comprehensive analytical approach enhances our understanding of the genesis of graphite and demonstrates the utility of integrating field observations with petrography, textures, Raman, isotopic, and hyperspectral analysis for resource genesis and exploration targeting. Additionally, the thorough characterization approach is essential for understanding the important geometallurgical attributes of these deposits, which may improve the processing and extraction of diverse ore types particularly with respect to hardness and acid potential. This study offers important geological and geochemical data for understanding the Adirondack graphite deposits, highlighting their potential as a strategic source of natural graphite. Future research should focus on further lithologic characterization, geophysical prospecting, and micro-analytical geochemical techniques.