Failure in metal matrix composites (MMCs) can initiate through several mechanisms, from void nucleation and coalescence in the matrix to fracture in the reinforcement phase to decohesion at the matrix/reinforcement interfaces. With multiple routes to failure, it is often challenging to identify the exact failure precursors with conventional mechanical testing. Here, we use in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction combined with uniaxial loading to probe the response of the matrix and the reinforcement phases in cold-sprayed Ni-CrC composites. Specifically, we resolve the load transfer from the metallic matrix to the ceramic reinforcement upon loading. We discuss significantly different behaviors of the composites in tension and compression in light of the internal load transfer and propose future directions for MMCs with a good combination of strength and ductility.