This dissertation argues that a cogent tradition of theorizing natural society as immanently self-organizing emerged in 18th century Anglophonic political theory. It analyzes the role played by the concept of natural society in the political thought of Thomas Paine, Edmund Burke, and Adam Smith. In the end, it argues that because theorists of natural society held that society ought to organize itself, they reduced politics to the instrumental facilitation of what was natural to society, and that Paine, Burke, and Smith all left their readers with a dissatisfying account of the role politics, and indeed, their own political theories, could play in society’s natural and immanent self-organization.