Coffee is a high value commodity in developing countries that is second in total commercial value only to petroleum. Understanding its agronomic characteristics including soil health (SH) is crucial for the environmental and socio-economic sustainability of coffee production. In this multidisciplinary study, SH and associated farmers’ perceptions were explained by farmers’ geo-demographic traits. Results revealed that female and co-op member-farmers have higher SH than their counterparts, correct SH perception is associated with farm SH conditions, and biological indicators are most related to farmers’ perceptions. In the second chapter, the scoring framework created for assessing the Colombian soil samples was compared to other regional scoring frameworks. Results showed agreement in scoring SH indicators with disagreements arising from the contrasting inherent soil properties of the different localities. In the third chapter, the relationship between coffee quality and SH was assessed. Results showed that coffee quality is negatively correlated with key SH indicators.