Pollinators are vital to ecosystems and people, yet many species are in decline globally. Within the United States (U.S.), native bees, including bumblebees (Bombus spp.), face multiple threats, including habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and climate change. National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) may provide critical habitat for native pollinators, but bee communities and their habitat associations within refuges remain understudied. We surveyed bumblebees across forest, wetland, and meadow habitats within NWRs across the Northeastern U.S. to assess how habitat type influences Bombus abundance, richness, and diversity. We found that Bombus abundance and richness were highest in meadows, intermediate in wetlands, and lowest in forests. While forests supported fewer captures overall, they likely provide important nesting and overwintering resources, highlighting the importance of maintaining diverse landscapes. Further analyses revealed significant differences in bumblebee community composition among habitats and refuges. Our synthesis highlighted significant gaps in state-level conservation rankings for Bombus species, including common species such as B. impatiens. When combined with field observations, our findings underscore the need for improved species-specific pollinator monitoring and suggest that both northern and southern refuges may support different at-risk Bombus species. These findings emphasize the value of heterogeneous habitat management for sustaining bumblebee populations and the potential role that NWRs and land management therein can play in pollinator conservation.