Described is a hypothetical example of a large-scale chemical company’s approach to, and progression towards, the development of sustainable chemicals and materials. Work on bioprocess synthesis of 1,3-propanediol suggest that this is feasible, that it is being done and that it will be commercialized. The interaction between biotechnology and the chemical industry having major impact on at least two sectors. In health care, it is revolutionizing the development of new drugs and therapies, and in agriculture it is affecting crop choices and farming practices.