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  4. THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF LEATHER: A COMPREHENSIVE REASSESSMENT USING GLOBAL LIVESTOCK DATA AND META-ANALYSIS

THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF LEATHER: A COMPREHENSIVE REASSESSMENT USING GLOBAL LIVESTOCK DATA AND META-ANALYSIS

File(s)
Roncevich_cornell_0058O_12441.pdf (704.67 KB)
Supplementary_Data_S1_Original_+_Normalized_GHG_Data_for_Leather_Footprint_Meta-Analysis.xlsx (215.87 KB)
Supplementary_Doc_2.pdf (208.07 KB)
Permanent Link(s)
https://doi.org/10.7298/z6je-4g97
https://hdl.handle.net/1813/117472
Collections
Cornell Theses and Dissertations
Author
Roncevich, Mikaila
Abstract

Product designers and manufacturers lack robust and regionally representative information on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of their leather textiles. In this analysis, we present a meta-analysis of life-cycle assessments (LCAs) of bovine leather and some increasingly common non-animal-based or “vegan” alternatives, disaggregated in two broad phases: (1) farming and (2) tanning and finishing. Due to limitations in these data, we also present a novel globally- and regionally-representative “top-down” method for allocating farming-phase GHG footprints of leather production using livestock production data from the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and comprehensive economic allocation data from literature. Our revised analysis produced a globally representative carbon footprint value of 142.1 (110.04 – 172.34 interquartile range) kg CO2 eq/kg finished leather for the farming phase, with regional variations ranging from 65.0 kg CO2 eq/kg finished leather in Eastern Europe to 228.4 kg CO2 eq/kg finished leather in Central and South America. Our top-down global estimate of leather emissions from farming is more than twice as high as that of prior life-cycle analyses (62.39 (41.36 – 81.54 IQR) kg CO2 eq/kg finished leather). We estimate an additional 48.1 (8.02 – 54.44 IQR) kg CO2 eq/kg finished leather for the tanning phase, which is heavily influenced by regional energy mix, for a revised combined GHG footprint of 190.2 kg CO2 eq/kg finished bovine leather. Vegan leather production demonstrates substantially lower emissions, averaging 14.9 (10.19 – 19.47 IQR) kg CO2 eq/kg finished vegan leather, or approximately 8% of the bovine leather global average. Despite some remaining limitations, this analysis provides the most comprehensive, globally- and regionally-representative estimates to date for the carbon footprint of leather products.

Description
38 pages
Supplemental file(s) description: Supplementary Doc 2, Supplementary Data S1 Original + Normalized GHG Data for Leather Footprint Meta-Analysis.
Date Issued
2025-05
Committee Chair
Hinestroza, Juan
Committee Member
Yeo, Jingjie
Degree Discipline
Fiber Science and Apparel Design
Degree Name
M.S., Fiber Science and Apparel Design
Degree Level
Master of Science
Type
dissertation or thesis
Link(s) to Catalog Record
https://newcatalog.library.cornell.edu/catalog/16938333

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