Problem: Melanoma is a preventable and even treatable disease if caught in its early stages, yet prevalence is increasing on a global scale. To better understand the causes for the increase in prevalence, the current literature was examined for trends in disease awareness and attitudes and behaviors towards sun exposure and melanoma prevention. Behaviors were examined as either being primary prevention, such as preventing the development of the disease, or as being secondary prevention or aimed at early detection. Trends in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors were examined. Methods: The literature for review was found via the Weill Cornell Medical College online library through the PubMed database. All studies included were empirical research published after 2010 that examined trends in melanoma prevalence and prevention. Results: Based on the inclusion criteria, 19 empirical studies were included in the literature. There were 11 studies excluded because the studies were not empirical in nature, or the subject matter did not include trends in melanoma awareness and attitudes and behaviors aimed at prevention. Conclusions: Overall, subjects have adequate awareness of melanoma as a disease and are knowledgeable about means to prevent it. Yet, there is continued participation in risky behaviors based on positive attitudes towards sun exposure and preference for tanned skin. Current interventions are successful in educating subjects and increasing awareness, but have not exhibited success in changing attitudes and behaviors towards sun exposure in the population at risk.