ABSTRACT Sodium-ion batteries provide a more affordable alternative to mainstream lithium-ion batteries in electrical energy storage applications. However, layered sodium cathode design has so far been hindered by structural instability during cycling due to lack of understanding in their phase transformation dynamics. In this project, the Laue microdiffraction at Advanced Photon Source, one of the leading third-generation synchrotron sources in the world, was selected to study sodium-ion cathode intercalation materials embedded in polymer binding matrix. The peak movement patterns were derived from Laue microdiffraction data to decode their origins, tracing back to primary particles of different local environment. The peak intensity pattern analysis enabled by depth profiling technique also corroborated this finding. The difference in local environment was hypothesized to arise from the heterogeneous effect of radiation damage to their neighboring polymer binder, thus calling upon further in-situ studies on how to mitigate this effect in the future.