Ilex is a widely-distributed genus of over 400 species of evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs and climbers. Holly flowers may be inconspicuous, but their distinctive foliage, colorful fruit and diverse forms provide plenty of ornamental interest. Insect pests of hollies include leaf miners, scale and spittlebug. Diseases in nursery production are more common and include black root rot, blights and nematodes.