Problem: Cataract removal surgery is one of the most common operative procedures performed. While the overall rate of postoperative endophthalmitis is low, the high number of procedures translates that low percentage of occurrence into thousands of patients affected by serious complications that could result in loss of eyesight, permanently decreasing quality of life. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles were found that described decreased rates of postoperative endophthalmitis with the use of various perioperative and intraoperative antibiotic regimens. Results: Prophylactic use of antibiotics is widespread practice; however, there are no standardized guidelines for best practice. Recent studies show decreased rates of postoperative endophthalmitis with intracameral antibiotics, with cefuroxime and moxifloxacin being the two most commonly used. Conclusions: Use of a prophylactic intracameral antibiotic decreases the rate of postoperative endophthalmitis in cataract surgery patients. Intracameral antibiotic prophylaxis should be implemented as a standard of care. Further studies regarding the efficacy of different intracameral antibiotics would contribute to defining best practice recommendations in preventing postoperative endophthalmitis in cataract surgery patients.