Bioarchaeologists study structural violence by examining the ways systemic marginalization transforms the human skeleton. However, research in this field is primarily focused on modern societies in the context of colonization and marginalization. This thesis aims to expand the study of structural violence to pre-modern societies, using the royal workers of New Kingdom Egypt as a case study. Using previously published bioarchaeological data from Tell el-Amarna, Deir el-Medina, and Tombos, this thesis will examine to what extent morbidity and trauma patterns at Amarna conform to modern definitions of structural violence. Skeletal changes stemming from intensive physical labor are interpreted as an invisible form of violence alongside more overt forms of physical violence. Other indicators of nutrition or disease-related stress at Amarna are comparable with other New Kingdom sites, suggesting a non-violent etiology. From a broad comparative perspective, it is possible to identify similar structural inequities in ancient and modern populations, which should inspire a shift in how we examine power structures in the past and better understand the lived experiences of New Kingdom workers.