Spontaneous Chylothorax in a Labrador Retriever
Chylothorax is the accumulation of chylous fluid within the thoracic cavity. Though the pathophysiology of spontaneous chylothorax is not well understood, lymphangiectasia, as a result of terminal obstruction to the thoracic duct, has been documented as a cause for the extrusion of lymphatic fluid into the surrounding space.10 The diagnosis of chylothorax is based on a thorough history and physical exam. Confirmation is made through appropriate diagnostic tests i.e fluid analysis, cytology and triglyceride levels.2 In the absence of a primary cause, idiopathic chylothorax is assigned as a diagnosis of exclusion. Though these cases were conventionally managed medically at first, surgical correction is quickly becoming the preferred and recommended method.4 Thoracic duct ligation is the most commonly performed technique; however, higher success rates are now reported using protocols that include adjuvant procedures like cisterna chyli ablation and a subtotal pericardectomy.9,2,6,7,8 In the last five years, veterinary medicine has successfully adopted minimally invasive techniques for cardiothoracic surgery.2,5