Opportunities for improvement exists on many dairies in second and subsequent insemination (2nd+) efficiency for lactating cows and age at first calving (AFC) for heifers. Recently completed research by Dr. Julio Giordano, a Cornell University Animal Science Professor, evaluated ways to manage these two components. Results from these trials show that herds with good heat detection and weekly re-breeding programs can improve their reproductive efficiency by choosing protocols based on ovarian status. Shortened Resynch protocols can result in a high proportion of cows bred in heat while shortening the interbreeding interval, and improving CR in cows most likely to benefit from progesterone supplementation. By accounting for breeding program expenses, rearing cost savings and additional first lactation profit, this research provides the dairy industry with a better understanding of the financial impacts of improving AFC with good heifer reproductive management.