A population of 50 dairy farms in Upstate New York was surveyed in 1993 to collect data on the organizational and structural characteristics of their farm businesses and households, including information about their attitudes towards rBST. In the fall of 1994, six months after rBST was approved for general use, this same population of farmers was resurveyed. Findings show that in 1994 one-half of the farmers were using rBST or planned to use it within one year. Compared to non-adopters, farmers who adopted rBST were generally larger, used more advanced dairy technologies, and reported higher production herd averages. Differences in attitudes and goals were also observed. Implications of rBST for the future organizational structure of New York dairies are discussed.