of forage turnip. Management of swede midge is particularly challenging because of its small size, hidden feeding behavior, low damage threshold, and life cycle consisting of multiple overlapping generations during the growing season. Small-scale organic...

growth, corky scarring, and/or blind heads, which can reduce marketable yield and quality (Fig. 1). Swede midge control is challenging on small-scale and organic farms, where season-long production of brassica crops in close proximity is common...

in living host cells. Its vegetative phase consists of a multinucleate mass of protoplasm lacking a cell wall (plasmodium or slime mold). Although the organism primarily attacks members of the Cruciferae, the intensity of disease caused on different crops...
(see "Host Range") varies. The organism also exists as many specialized forms or races, the variation in plant resistance and ability to survive in different areas being explained thereby. Symptoms Clubroot may develop extensively on plant roots before...

was attributed to a physiological disorder; evidence of other workers in the United States supports this conclusion. Fungal organisms such as Botrytis, Alternaria, and Rhizoctonia may cause spotting and speckling of the outer leaves of cabbage heads...
and production fields. This should be coupled with early aphid control on the crop and bordering areas. Quantity discount available. Cooperative Extension, New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, New York State College of Human Ecology, and New...