The larvae of several Lepidoptera are collectively called green fruitworms because of their general appearance and tendency to damage apple and pear fruit. One species, Orthosia hibisci, which will be referred to as the ...

The obliquebanded leafroller (OBLR) is native to and widely distributed throughout temperate North America. Larvae feed on a wide range of plants; members of the rose family are their preferred hosts. OBLR outbreaks have ...

The apple maggot (AM), a native of eastern North America, originally bred in large fruited hawthorns (Crataegus sp.). Later, it adopted apple as another host, and it has become a major fruit pest in the northeastern United ...